Five Burning Lights in a Dark Universe :: Women Feminism Rights Essays

Five Burning Lights in a Dark Universe The present just as the past did holds innumerable obstacles for women in search of a professional career. However, as a woman of the 20th century, I am glad to say that the obstacles have decreased through time thanks to the voices of courageous women who dare to talk when everyone else held silent. Many changes occur from the 17th century on, economically, politically and socially; the scientific revolution, the end of monarchy and absolute power, the emergence of democracy, and capitalism are only a few of those changes. This changes also brought changes in peoples attitudes, specially the attitude about women. Since the Greek times, society has underestimated women's potential. However, through history women have dared to challenge the world, and have spoken up to show the world that women are as capable, and talented as men. Aphra Behn, Anne Finch, Margaret Cavendish, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Mary Shelly are five of these women from the 17 and 19-century who dared to speak up, and raise their voices to let the whole world know about women's situation and solutions to it. Aphra Behn, born in 1640, was England's first professional woman writer. Behn was a middle-class widow who mainly wrote for TIME and CLEOS, in Greek or fame and fortune for us. In a time where women were suppose to be silent, pure, and in the private sphere or homes taking care of the children and their husbands, a woman dared to challenge society. Behn, challenged society not only by stepping into the public sphere, publishing her writings, but also by writing about women's feelings, desires, dreams and realities. Behn wrote great poetry and we can see her challenging ideas in the title of her poems most of the time, and this challenges become more obvious as we read her poems. "The Willing Mistress," was a vivid example of this, since in its verses Behn writes about a woman's sexual desires and wiliness to have sexual relations with a married man. We can also see a reflection of her ideas, in her speech titled "Mrs. Gwin," where she criticize the gender ideology of the time, and also exposes women's situation. She argues that no reason existed for men to prevent women from writing, governing and fighting, with the excuse that women were weak and inferior, because women have had done it before.

Indiana Jones, Raiders of the Lost Ark Essay

I have chosen to evaluate a scene from Indiana Jones, Raiders of the Lost Ark where Indiana and Sallah uncover the Well of Soles where the lost ark is hidden. We open the scene at 57:03 with Indiana leading a team of diggers up a hill to the spot where they will dig for the ark. As the scene opens we hear the diegetic sounds of the diggers and commotion taking place in the background. We also hear non-diegetic music that will be referred to as the â€Å"ark theme† playing as Indiana climbs the hill and has his men start to dig for the ark. The slow and sort of creepy tone that makes up the ark theme reminds us of the continuing quest for the ark and also that the ark may very well be close by. At 58:00, the non-diegetic music briefly cuts for about four seconds but then picks up once again as Indiana turns around to whistle for his men to start digging. As the digging begins, the music picks up and gets louder and louder. The rise in the non-diegetic music builds the suspense and excitement of the scene and foreshadows the big discovery that lies ahead. At 58:26 the scene dissolves into a shot of the dig site from afar. Although the non-diegetic music ended, we pick up with the diegetic music or sound of the tune that the workers hum as they dig. We can also hear the diegetic sounds of the wind howling and we see the sun setting in the background showing us that a cold night is approaching. The coloring from the sun set gives the shot a feel that something great is about to happen yet provides a sense of mystery for those who don’t know what is to come. In this shot we cannot see a detailed view of our characters, rather just the shadows of the digging men and Indy. We are easily able to pick out Indy despite only being able to see character shadows simply because we see him put on his trademark hat which he is famous for wearing. At 58:44 the shot cuts to yet another shot of the digging site at night fall. Immediately we hear booms of thunder and strikes of lightening from an approaching storm which sets the tone of this portion of the scene. The thunder and lightning and building anticipation seem to foreshadow the discovery of the ark yet again, which we initially hink is a good thing, however, the dark and evil sounds of the storm represent bad things will eventually come from the ark and show us that in hindsight, the ark should not be disturbed. Anticipation continues to build as we hear more diegetic sounds of thunder and a spooky wind howling in the background. We see a shot of Indy and see the worried look on his face as the storm continues to approach. At 58:56 Sallah informs Indy that they hit stone and here we see an eyeline match from Indy leading to the next shot of the uncovered stone. As the workers continue to uncover the stone, the diegetic sounds continue. The lack of non-diegetic music emphasizes the roar of the thunder and helps the view focus on the big find that is about to occur. As the stone is lifted and the tomb is uncovered, we hear the diegetic sound of an animal howling in the background at 59:50. This gives the viewer a spooky feel of the tomb. At 59:55 we see and hear a stinger brought on by non-diegetic music. The thunder roars with a lightning strike which lights up the opening of the tomb which reveals a scary-looking creature with jagged teeth. As this is revealed the non-diegetic music spikes and Sallah shouts from being startled which all creates this stinger effect. The stinger also proves to be the cue that re-starts the creepy, non-diegetic music. After questioning the moving floor, at 1:00:15, the non-diegetic music spikes into a high pitch shriek, as Indy drops his torch. The non-diegetic music lowers to a creepy tone once again but then spikes into a high pitch flute sound at 1:00:22 as the camera pans over the creepy view of the snakes. The non-diegetic music continues into a low-pitch brass sound which continues to provide a creepy feel but also foreshadows the evil that lies ahead. At 1:00:42 the camera lifts back to Indy as he rolls over and delivers his famous line; â€Å"Snakes.  Why did it have to be snakes? † Sallah then crawls over to Indy and at 1:00:59, Sallah utters over the non-diegetic music, â€Å"Asps. Very dangerous. You go first! † This line then cues the diegetic sounds of a snake rattling and a loud boom of thunder which cues the end of the scene. Throughout this four minute clip, there are tons of diegetic sounds and a lot of non-diegetic music. The sounds and music play a huge roll in this scene as it builds emotion for the find of the Well of Soles yet foreshadows the danger and adventure that lies ahead in the remainder of the film.

Study Guide for Albert Camuss The Fall

Delivered by a sophisticated, outgoing, yet often suspicious narrator, Albert Camus’s The Fall employs a format that is rather uncommon in world literature. Like novels such as Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground, Sartre’s Nausea, and Camus’s own The Stranger, The Fall is set up as a confession by a complicated main character—in this case, an exiled French lawyer named Jean-Baptiste Clamence. But The Fall—unlike these famous first-person writings—is actually a second-person novel. Clamence directs his confession at a single, well-defined listener, a â€Å"you† character who accompanies him (without ever speaking) for the duration of the novel. In the opening pages of The Fall, Clamence makes this listener’s acquaintance in a seedy Amsterdam bar known as Mexico City, which entertains â€Å"sailors of all nationalities† (4). Summary In the course of this initial meeting, Clamence playfully notes the similarities between him and his new companion: â€Å"You are my age in a way, with the sophisticated eye of a man in his forties who has seen everything, in a way; you are well dressed in a way, that is as people are in our country; and your hands are smooth. Hence a bourgeois, in a way! But a cultured bourgeois!† (8-9). However, there is much about Clamence’s identity that remains uncertain. He describes himself as â€Å"a judge-penitent,† yet doesn’t provide an immediate explanation of this uncommon role. And he omits key facts from his descriptions of the past: â€Å"A few years ago I was a lawyer in Paris and, indeed, a rather well-known lawyer. Of course, I didn’t tell you my real name† (17). As a lawyer, Clamence had defended poor clients with difficult cases, including criminals. His social life had been full of satisfactions—respect from his colleagues, affair s with many women—and his public behavior had been scrupulously courteous and polite. As Clamence sums up this earlier period: â€Å"Life, its creatures and its gifts, offered themselves to me, and I accepted such marks of homage with a kindly pride† (23). Eventually, this state of security began to break down, and Clamence traces his increasingly dark state of mind to a few specific life events. While in Paris, Clamence had an argument with â€Å"a spare little man wearing spectacles† and riding a motorcycle (51). This altercation with the motorcyclist alerted Clamence to the violent side of his own nature, while another experience—an encounter with a â€Å"slim young woman dressed in black† who committed suicide by throwing herself off a bridge—filled Clamence with a sense of â€Å"irresistible weakness (69-70). During an excursion to the Zuider Zee, Clamence describes the more advanced stages of his â€Å"fall.† At first, he began to feel intense turmoil and pangs of disgust with life, although â€Å"for some time, my life continued outwardly as if nothing had changed† (89). He then took turned to â€Å"alcohol and women† for comfort—yet only found temporary solace (103). Clamence expands upon his philosophy of life in the final chapter, which takes place in his own lodgings. Clamence recounts his disturbing experiences as a World War II prisoner of war, lists his objections to commonplace notions of law and freedom, and reveals the depth of his involvement in the Amsterdam underworld. (It turns out that Clamence keeps a famous stolen painting—The Just Judges by Jan van Eyck—in his apartment.) Clamence has resolved to accept life—and to accept his own fallen, immensely flawed nature—but has also resolved to share his troubling insights with anyone who will listen. In the final pages of The Fall, he reveals that his new profession of â€Å"judge-penitent† involves â€Å"indulging in public confession as often as possible† in order to acknowledge, judge, and do penance for his failings (139). Background and Contexts Camus’s Philosophy of Action: One of Camus’s greatest philosophical concerns is the possibility that life is meaningless—and the need (in spite of this possibility) for action and self-assertion. As Camus wrote in his tract The Myth of Sisyphus (1942), philosophical discourse â€Å"was previously a question of finding out whether or not life had to have a meaning to be lived. It now becomes clear on the contrary that it will be lived all the better if it has no meaning. Living an experience, a particular fate, is accepting it fully.† Camus then goes on to declare that â€Å"one of the only coherent philosophical positions is thus revolt. It is constant confrontation between man and his own obscurity.† Even though the Myth of Sisyphus is a classic of French Existentialist philosophy and a central text for understanding Camus, The Fall (which, after all, appeared in 1956) should not merely be taken as a fictional re-working of The Myth of Sisyphus. Cl amence does revolt against his life as a Paris lawyer; however, he retreats from society and tries to find specific â€Å"meanings† in his actions in a manner that Camus might not have endorsed. Camus’s Background in Drama: According to literary critic Christine Margerrison, Clamence is a â€Å"self-proclaimed actor† and The Fall itself is Camus’s â€Å"greatest dramatic monologue.† At several points in his career, Camus worked simultaneously as a playwright and a novelist. (His plays Caligula and The Misunderstanding appeared in the mid 1940s—the same period that saw the publication of Camus’s novels The Stranger and The Plague. And in the 1950s, Camus both wrote The Fall and worked on theater adaptations of novels by Dostoevsky and William Faulkner.) However, Camus was not the only mid-century author who applied his talents to both theater and the novel. Camus’s Existentialist colleague Jean-Paul Sartre, for instance, is famous for his novel Nausea and for his plays The Flies and No Exit. Another of the greats of 20th century experimental literature—Irish author Samuel Beckett—created novels that read a little like â€Å"dramatic monologues† (Molloy, Malone Dies, The Unnamable) as well as oddly-structured, character-driven plays (Waiting for Godot, Krapp’s Last Tape). Amsterdam, Travel, and Exile: Although Amsterdam is one of Europe’s centers of art and culture, the city takes on a rather sinister character in The Fall. Camus scholar David R. Ellison has found several references to disturbing episodes in Amsterdam’s history: first, The Fall reminds us that â€Å"the commerce linking Holland to the Indies included trade not just in spices, foodstuffs, and aromatic wood, but also in slaves; and second, the novel takes place after â€Å"the years of World War II in which the Jewish population of the city (and of the Netherlands as a whole) was subject to persecution, deportation, and ultimate death in Nazi prison camps.† Amsterdam has a dark history, and exile to Amsterdam allows Clamence to face his own unpleasant past. Camus declared in his essay â€Å"The Love of Life† that â€Å"what gives value to travel is fear. It breaks down a kind of inner dà ©cor in us. We can’t cheat any more—hide ourselves away behind the hours in the office or at the plant.† By going into living abroad and breaking his earlier, soothing routines, Clamence is forced to contemplate his deeds and face his fears. Key Topics Violence and Imagination: Although there is not much open conflict or violent action directly displayed in The Fall, Clamence’s memories, imaginings, and turns of imagery add violence and viciousness to the novel. After an unpleasant scene during a traffic jam, for instance, Clamence imagines pursuing a rude motorcyclist, â€Å"overtaking him, jamming his machine against the curb, taking him aside, and giving him the licking he had fully deserved. With a few variations, I ran off this little film a hundred times in my imagination. But it was too late, and for several days I chewed a bitter resentment† (54). Violent and disturbing fantasies help Clamence to communicate his dissatisfaction with the life he leads. Late in the novel, he compares his feelings of hopeless and perpetual guilt to a special kind of torture: â€Å"I had to submit and admit my guilt. I had to live in the little-ease. To be sure, you are not familiar with that dungeon cell that was called the litt le-ease in the Middle Ages. In general, one was forgotten there for life. That cell was distinguished from others by ingenious dimensions. It was not high enough to stand up in nor yet wide enough to lie down in. One had to take an awkward manner and live on the diagonal† (109). Clamence’s Approach to Religion: Clamence does not define himself as a religious man. However, references to God and Christianity play a major part in Clamence’s manner of speaking—and help Clamence to explain his changes in attitude and outlook. During his years of virtue and altruism, Clamence took Christian kindliness to grotesque proportions: â€Å"A very Christian friend of mine admitted that one’s initial feeling on seeing a beggar approach one’s house is unpleasant. Well, with me it was worse: I used to exult† (21). Eventually, Clamence finds yet another use for religion that is admittedly awkward and inappropriate. During his fall, the lawyer made references â€Å"to God in my speeches before the court†Ã¢â‚¬â€a tactic that â€Å"awakened mistrust in my clients† (107). But Clamence also uses the Bible to explain his insights about human guilt and suffering. For him, Sin is part of the human condition, and even Christ on the cross is a figure of guilt: â€Å"He knew he was not altogether innocent. If he did not bear the weight of the crime he was accused of, he had committed others—even though he didn’t know which ones† (112). Clamence’s Unreliability: At several points in The Fall, Clamence acknowledges that his words, actions, and apparent identity are of questionable validity. Camus’s narrator is very good at playing different, even dishonest roles. Describing his experiences with women, Clamence notes that â€Å"I played the game. I knew they didn’t like one to reveal one’s purpose too quickly. First, there had to be conversation, fond attentions, as they say. I wasn’t worried about speeches, being a lawyer, nor about glances, having been an amateur actor during my military service. I often changed parts, but it was always the same play† (60). And later in the novel, he asks a series of rhetorical questions—â€Å"Don’t lies eventually lead to the truth? And don’t all my stories, true or false, tend toward the same conclusion?†Ã¢â‚¬â€before concluding that â€Å"authors of confessions write especially to avoid confessing, to tell no thing of what they know† (119-120). It would be wrong to assume that Clamence has given his listener nothing but lies and fabrications. Yet it is possible that he is freely mixing lies and truth to create a convincing â€Å"act†Ã¢â‚¬â€that he strategically using a persona to obscure particular facts and feelings. A Few Discussion Questions Do you think that Camus and Clamence have similar political, philosophical, and religious beliefs? Are there any major differences—and if so, why do you think Camus decided to create a character whose views are so at odds with his own?In some important passages in The Fall, Clamence introduces violent images and intentionally shocking opinions. Why do you think Clamence is dwelling on such disconcerting topics? How is his willingness to make his listener uneasy tied to his role as a â€Å"judge-penitent?†Exactly how reliable is Clamence, in your opinion? Does he ever seem to exaggerate, to obscure the truth, or to introduce obvious falsehoods? Find a few passages where Clamence seems especially elusive or unreliable, and keep in mind that Clamence may become significantly more (or significantly less) reliable from passage to passage.Re-imagine The Fall told from a different perspective. Would Camus’s novel be more effective as a first-person account by Clamence, without a listener? As a straightforward, third-person description of Clamence’s life? Or is The Fall supremely effective in its present form? Note on Citations: All page numbers refer to Justin OBriens translation of The Fall (Vintage International, 1991).

Egypt, Mesopotamia, And Israel - 1418 Words

In the Ancient World, civilizations dominated parts of the world from around 3,000 BC to 30 BC. This domination was immensely helped because of the Neolithic Revolution, that happened thousands of years prior. The revolution allowed for more people to settle in one place and not follow and migrate with their prey. This began civilizations that were controlled by leadership, organization, innovative technology and mainly by geography. An example of these civilizations are Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Israel. Each of these civilizations had their own advantages, Egypt was brought fertile land from the regular floodings by the Nile River, Mesopotamia was located in the fertile crescent and Israel was in between both of these advanced†¦show more content†¦Without many of Sumer’s technology, the world back then would be far less advanced. Some of these civilizations that benefited from Sumer’s ideas was Israel because it was between both Egypt and Sumer, it adopted many of their ideas and changed some to become their own. Like a belief in the gods, yet Israelites were monotheistic unlike the two civilizations, and after seeing how both Egypt and Sumer had a language that they wrote in Israel created Hebrew. Without all of the advances in technology, the Ancient World would have less culture and beliefs than it with all of their technology. In these civilizations, there were many worshipping and sacrificial places that were in place because of their belief in the gods and the afterlife. All around the world were temples and places to pray to the gods, but the religion in these civilizations was exceptionally strong. In Egypt, the Pyramids were everlasting tombs for the dead. The Pyramids are located on the Nile and was the most north and most sacred of all the temples. The belief in the afterlife was crucial in their religion. Egyptians treated the dead better than they treated the living. While your physical life on earth was short, they thought yo ur soul could survive forever in the afterlife. These pyramids held important pharaohs and priests, that were placed in the tombs with gifts that they could take with them after they died.Show MoreRelated Exploring The Four Ancient Civilizations- Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Israel1009 Words   |  5 Pagesnumerous cultures, each unique in some ways while the same time having features in common. Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Israel are all important to the history of the world because of religious, social, political and economic development. In the first civilization, both Mesopotamia and Egypt relied on a hunter-gatherer economic system, during that time, every country in the world strived on it. Mesopotamia had rich soil for agriculture, but experiences floods. For the Mesopotamians, theseRead MoreThe Study of Hebrew Diaspora1669 Words   |  7 Pagesto Canaan to become the founder of a monotheistic people. Two generations later, famine spreads to Canaan and Jacob takes his 12 sons, along with their families, to Egypt, where their descendants were later enslaved. After four centuries, Moses, chosen by God, led the enslaved Israelites back to the Land of Israel (exodus from Egypt), where they conquer most of the land and lose their nomadic traditions to become craftsmen and farmers. Saul, the first king, brings peace to the country and ceasesRead MoreMesopotamia, Egypt and Hebrews Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesMesopotamia, Egypt and Hebrews Mesopotamia and Egypt are known as the â€Å"place of the first civilization† followed by the Hebrews. These three societies traded extensively, but there was a difference in economic area. Mesopotamia was more productive of technological improvements, because their environment was more difficult to manage than the Nile valley. Trade contacts were more extensive, and the Mesopotamians gave attention to a merchant class and commercial law. Priests were part of theRead MoreEssay on The History of Punishment1108 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact the world and how people live their life. Throughout generation to generation civilizations, countries have grown in crimes and punishment. Ancient punishments were harsher than Today’s punishments. In Middle ages, Ancient Greece and Rome, Mesopotamia they’d cruel punishments that were more harsher, severe than Today’s. In the oldest civilizations people were inhumane. They’d committed the most brutal punishme nts. Today, we have jails and a faster way to die without pain. Before any jails, orRead MoreImpact Of Trade And Conquest On The Civilizations1244 Words   |  5 PagesEarly civilizations we have learned include Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China. After learning about these civilization, I can include there were many impacts to the development and spread of these civilizations. Although trade and conquest were the two more prominent impacts, conflict (conquest) had the most important impact on the developments of these early civilizations. Trade and conquest both had their impacts, but looking closer one impact was more significant than the other. Trade was aRead MoreOld Testament Essay1772 Words   |  7 Pageshis uncle in Mesopotamia, where he marries Leah and Rachel. After 20 years in Mesopotamia, Jacob returned to Canaan. Jacobs’s wives give birth to eleven sons and one daughter. They become the twelve tribes of Israel. The siblings become jealous of Joseph, the favorite son, so they sell Joseph into slavery. Joseph is sold to a high-ranking Egyptian and taken to Egypt. The brothers tell Jacob that Joseph is dead. When famine strikes Canaan, Joseph, who had become well respected in Egypt, sends forRead MoreThe Contributions of Ancient Civilizations to History Essay855 Words   |  4 Pagesdistance trade routes were established. This was a step towards the first urban-based civilizations, as a significant number of people were becoming full time in a non-agricultural trade. The first primary civilization was located in Southern Mesopotamia, known as Sumer. The Sumerians invented the first writing known as Cuneiform. We are left with tens of thousands of written records on many aspects of the Sumerians, the most notable of these being the Epic of Gilgamesh. This is an account ofRead MoreDeath and Afterlife in Ancient Egyptian Society and the Mesopotamian Society746 Words   |  3 Pagesmonths of May until October. This led to the devastation of agriculture. Not only did the Sumerians have to deal with the effects of the droughts, they had to deal with the consequences of flooding as well. The Tigris and the Euphrates surrounded Mesopotamia thus when it would overflow more devastation would occur such as the washouts of embankments. (Hause, 2001, pg. 7) Sumerians praised their gods and goddesses by building temples for them known as Ziggurats. Sumerians were constantly tryingRead MoreThe Stomach Is The Center And Origin Of Civilization905 Words   |  4 PagesCivilization†). Food played a crucial role in the rise of civilization. It spurred on the transition from a hunter and gather way of life to a sedentary and domesticated lifestyle, especially through agriculture and the development of farming. Ancient Egypt grew many of the crops used in the Old World, producing a variety of fruits, vegetables and grains to supplement their diet of fish, poultry and dairy. Specifically, their cereal plants such as wheat, barley and rye, aided in the evolution of breadRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Grisly Assyrian Record Of Torture And Death By Erika Bleibtreu1674 Words   |  7 PagesTorture and Death† by Erika Bleibtreu gives an insight into the ways of the Assyrian military campaigns and battles. During Mesopotamian times , wars were what divided ruling periods. There were many different groups of people that dominated Ancient Mesopotamia, and the Assyrians were one of them. Assyria, a powerful ancient empire, once sprawled across the entirety of the Fertile Crescent. It encompassed land in four modern day countries: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. The Assyrians were a force to not

What Makes A Good Villain - 1554 Words

What makes a good villain? That word is most common in comic books and movies where the antagonist brings down the protagonist, and saves the day. The word â€Å"Villain† in this day and age has a negative connotation. When it was first used, it was a neutral term. A â€Å"Villain† was actually a poor person who lived on a farm; he lived in a â€Å"villa†. When the word was borrowed into English as â€Å"Villain† it was used to refer to any lowborn rustic. The conditions in which these people lived were so horrible that they had to resort to violence and crime to make ends meet. In their own way, sometimes a villain has to do what he or she believes in, which i respect. Most often people see the villain in a bad way, but not me. I see them as a†¦show more content†¦For anyone who has read this story, it seems like Iago was the jealous type, but who can blame him? I think Iago was very important in this story, regardless whether he was jea lous or wanted revenge. For the sake of the argument, I think Iago had every right into tricking his General that his love was committing adultery, which will be discussed later in the paper. This story was one of my favorite ones out of all the Shakespeare one’s we read in class, simply because not only was it a daunting read, but because what I realized what it truly was and it amazed me. Iago wanted revenge over his general because he felt jealous and was not appreciated for all the work he has done. By the end of Act 1, we find out that the reason Iago wanted to manipulate Othello into killing his wife, Desdimona, was because he was angry with him for not giving him the rank of Lieutenant, and giving it to the inexperienced Cassio, instead. And a sudden rumor came upon him that he was also sleeping with his wife, Emilia. His plot was simple: he tells Emilia to take the handkerchief while telling Othello that he had found in the bedroom of Cassio, which puts him in a jealous rage into thinking that his wife is cheating on him with Cassio. Now, it is wrong to try to spread gossip about your friends, you do not bite the hand that feeds you, but in this case Iago bit the hand that fed him. Even though he was not promoted to

Progression of music Free Essays

string(183) " is written by Reynolds with belief that the progression of music is now non existent and modern music of the popular culture is based upon regurgitation of past trends/ideas/styles\." In this literature review we will be looking at reading based around the idea of progression within music. Comparisons between different pieces of text regarding the current position of music, and If possible, the future of music and how it can progress. The main books in discussion will consist of, â€Å"Simon Reynolds:Retaining†, â€Å"David Gauntlet:Making Is Connecting†, Tall:The Political Economy of Music. We will write a custom essay sample on Progression of music or any similar topic only for you Order Now A lot of the quotes that will be in discussion will revolve around the theme of â€Å"post repetition†. This Is a theory regarding the structure or stage of current music, an Idea Tall briefly discusses In context with three other previous stages he believes to have occurred. This also explains the choice to discuss â€Å"Retaining†, the themes from this book tie in with the concept of repetition and revolves around firm beliefs that current music, and also society are trapped in the past. However â€Å"Making is connecting† takes a more subjective role in the discussion as it is primarily based around the individual creator in the sense of their feeling and creativity, and does not so much Involve the influence of any capitalist ideas. We will first draw some theories from Tails. Draws up the comparison of Music running alongside society, and at points beyond. In short, Tall draws the comparison in which music runs along side social order and how the mindset of society, at any given time, is reflected onto the art of music. Not Just in the literal sense as would be applied to such era’s as Punk, but in the progression of music over time. â€Å"its styles and economic organization are ahead of the rest of society because it explores, much faster than material reality can, the entire range of capabilities in a given code. (Tails,1977) Here Tall is referring to music as a sped up representation of society at any given time. This is why his current claim on post repetition is interesting as any other stage or progression in music, according to Tails, could replicate that of societies in the future. The question regarding this is whether it is possible for music or society, to considerably progress onto what cou ld be seen as another stage of progression. If the idea of post-repeating is feasible, then it could be seen that society, let alone music, are currently trapped in a repeating existence that isn’t regressing, only expanding. However for the time being it is more important to look back if there is any chance of looking forward. This is where Italy’s four stages of music form in â€Å"Political Economy of Music†, and during the last stage, the idea of post repeating is bought about. â€Å"Sacrifice† refers to the point in musical history where no sound was recorded, written, and the art of music was completely detached from anything physical. It was simply Just an oral process. Music was simply a way of transferring current cultural and social feelings from one person to another. â€Å"Representing† This term refers to the first printed music, 1500-1900 AD. Printed music was the first form of music that was seen as a commodity, it could be seen as the first time any form of technology had an influence upon human emotion. Tall refers to this period as Representation because the performer would have to represent and play the music that was printed for an audience. â€Å"Repeating† The term repeating refers to the time period of around 1900 to the present. The term is applied by Tall to any recorded sound of broadcasted sound which was made possible by technological advancements. Even though this meant music as an industry could really excel and prophet, the first mindset of music being a commodity was established the moment it could be written and performed. However, according to Tails, the stage of repeating completely took over and made the ideas behind representation, now irrelevant. â€Å"The advent of recording thoroughly shattered representation. First produced as a way of preserving its trace, it instead replaced it as the driving force of becomes a simulacrum of the record: an audience generally familiar with the artist’s recordings attends to hear a live replication†¦ For popular music, this as meant the gradual death of small bands, who have been reduced to faithful imitations of recording stars. For the classical repertory, it means the danger†¦ Of imposing all of the aesthetic criteria of repetition?made of rigor and cold calculation?upon representation. † (Tails,1977) â€Å"Post Repetition† The term post repetition was a term Tall briefly refers to as the next state from Repeating, this is also backed up by Italy’s Chapter on Composing and how this new process is not undertaken for exchange or use value. Even though Italy’s theories, as well as many other philosophers surrounding he subject, can be seen ambitious and at some times overly vague, this idea of a post repetition makes sense and would revolve around society at this moment and how we are progressing. This is why it is of interest as to whether music can genuinely progress, or whether we are infinitely trapped within a post era where Italy’s terms of exchange time and use time, are becoming ever more irrelevant. Tall labels â€Å"Exchange-Time† as the time one would spend earning the spend listening to the bought item. The ideas of exchange time and use time, are now seen as words which don’t bear relevance to a vast amount of current music. With the massive surge of the internet and accessibility, the value of music has morphed, and also the intentions of the people making it. This new activity is NOT undertaken for its exchange or use value. It is undertaken solely for the pleasure of the person who does it (its â€Å"producer†). Such activity involves a radical rejection of the specialized roles (composer, performer, audience) that dominated all previous music. Data†, 1977) We will now relate this to and investigate current musical practice and the mindset of the â€Å"Producer†. Simon Reynolds book â€Å"Retaining†, and â€Å"Making is connecting† by David Gauntlet both investigate these ideas. Retaining is written by Reynolds with belief that the progression of music is now non existent and modern music of the popular culture is based upon regurgitation of past trends/ideas/styles. You read "Progression of music" in category "Papers" We live in a society that is obsessed with it’s own past, instead of moving into a new future. Reynolds does also include mostly all aspects of daily life into his theories and how our society is looking back instead of looking forward. Artifacts of its immediate past, but there has never before been a society that is able to access the immediate past so easily and so copiously. (Reynolds, 2011) Here we see Reynolds referring to the society we are currently surrounded by, as one â€Å"obsessed† with it’s own past. He also gives appreciation to the fact that we live in a world where modern phenomenon’s, such as the internet and media , give society the power to access the immediate past so easily and freely. This is key to part of the reasoning as to why Reynolds believes as a whole that we are living in a â€Å"Retraining†, a world that is looking backwards instead of forwards. It is a pretty indisputable fact, that due to the surge of technology and the lily advantages in our life, we have access to the things we never would have had before. However Reynolds follows up on this point, putting the obsession of the past, into the reasoning that it is because we are nostalgic and almost envious of it. Is nostalgia stopping our culture’s ability to surge forward, or are we nostalgic precisely because our culture has stopped moving forward and so we inevitably look back to more momentous and dynamic times? † (Reynolds, 2011) stopped moving forward in general, whether or not he is finding reason through nostalgia. A lot of Reynolds beliefs come through in forms of musical practice’s such s sampling, covering artists, anniversary concerts, greatest hits albums, gener ally repetitive process’. We live in a pop age gone loco for retro and crazy commemoration† (Reynolds,2011) â€Å"Could it be that the greatest danger to the future of music culture is it’s past†. (Reynolds, 2011) These are quotes from the very first page of the introduction and sum up his beliefs straight away. He goes as far to say that the end of pop culture will not come with one big bang, but it is through a gradual process which we are already living in. â€Å"This is the way that pop ends, not with a BANG but with a box set whose Ruth disc you never get around to playing†. Reynolds, 2011) He then, shortly after, puts the reasoning upon the producer; â€Å"The very people you would’ve once expected to produce (as artists) or champion (as consumers) the non-traditional and the groundbreaking – that’s â€Å"The avian-grade is now an air ©re-grade. † (Reynolds, 2011) These quotes are portraying the â€Å"modern pro ducer† as the fundamental reason as to why music isn’t progressing. This, to Reynolds, could be seen as an environmental issue due to the fact our society is constantly exploring the past and repeating itself. He described the process of the modern producer as airier-grade† meaning it is the producer themselves who are trapped in the past. However, as previously mentioned, a lot of the reasoning as to why we may be living in a culture where we are looking back, is due to the fact we can. Technology and the way we have advanced as a culture has enabled us to store huge amounts of digital artifacts through mediums such as; ‘pods, computers, phones, sound-systems, cad’s, records, the internet. We can also experience music and media in ways like never before; stereo 5:1, 3-D image/sound, and not to mention all the ways in which to do so prior to these. To Reynolds, the abilities to store and look back, are what we have become victim to. â€Å"We’ve become victims of our ever-increasing capacity to store, organism, instantly access, and share vast amounts of cultural data. Not only has there immediate past, but there has never before been a society that is able to access the past so easily and so copiously. Reynolds, 2011) This quote is mainly focused on the fact we are able to easily access, store, share data like never before. However Reynolds does use the phrase, â€Å"we’ve become†, this could suggest that our access to all this data as only become a robber of recent time. Reynolds never seems to really pick at the upraise of vinyl, tape, or the initial upraise of cad’s. The start of the sass’s is when he believes our modern culture an d popular music industry lost all forward thinking and started seeking past ideas and past trends. Instead of being the threshold to the future, the first ten years of the twenty-first century turned out to be the ‘Re’ Decade. † (Reynolds, 2011) Here this quote describes the start of the sass’s, as being the start of a retro decade instead of being the start of new original ideas. Perhaps the first time popular culture fully shifted it’s attention to the past. This brings up the question as to whether technological advancements such as Amp’s, I Pods and the mass growth of file-sharing are the reason as to why we are so sentimental and look back for inspiration in modern music practice. Or is it more to do with the â€Å"producer†, rather than the ways of consumption. Has the person creating and making the material lost the will to look forward If Italy’s point of music’s â€Å"styles and economic organization†, being â€Å"ahead† of the rest of society then then what would be the outcome of the sass’s â€Å"Re-decade† as Reynolds dubbed it? Could that be the point our society has truly reached a form of creative standardization. Where new ideas and creative instinct is solely based upon repetition of past ideas. This could be what Tall would’ve been suggesting through the idea of â€Å"Post Repetition†. There is no forward movement in the progression of music as an art anymore, only the ways in which we experience it. However back to the point of the producer, â€Å"Making is connecting†, written by David Gauntlet investigates the process of creativity and can be related to how this has an effect on current musical practices and the position of popular culture on modern music and inevitably the question of progression. Making is connecting† is fundamentally about how people make things to engage with the world around them, and build connections with others through this process. Gauntlet believes that due to the benefits of popular culture in terms of the internet, file sharing, and platforms that enable people to share their creative work, we are seeing a shift in mentality. Gauntlet describes this as a shift from a’ â€Å"Sit back and be told culture†, to a â€Å"making and doing culture†. (Gauntlet 2009) How to cite Progression of music, Papers

Corporate Strategies of CSL Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Strategies of CSL. Answer: Introduction CSL is a worldwide recognized biotherapeutics organisation which significantly delivers as well as develops the pioneering biotherapies which aid in live saving and also help the individuals with the serious medical illness live full lives. There are around 30 overseas nations where the company has made a renowned presence with its efficient operations and approximately 17,000 employees (CSL, 2017). The primary area of business are the US, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany and Australia. Development and growth of CSL through the application of corporate strategies CSL works globally with a vision to have its primary focus on five major elements including customer focus, innovation, integrity, collaboration and superior performance. The company works with a mission statement to address the needs of maximum number of the individuals suffering from serious and threatening medical illness. By the means of its innovative therapies it mission is to save thousands of lives (CSL, 2017). The core competencies are the one because of which CSL has gained such a renowned brand recognition and worldwide presence. Its core competencies comprises of extensive capacity of research and development which offers innovativeness to the company, honest and ethical activities, high level of collaboration which provided strength to the company to undertake major projects, and the best quality of services. With these core competencies, the company is expanding globally with a rapid rate (CSL Behring, 2017). Successful strategies deployed in the past There are several corporate strategies which the company has taken use of and implemented in the organisation for achieving continuous success and growth. Following are the few strategies which CSL has incorporated for achieving huge success. Emergent Strategies Research and development Partnerships: the company has made huge investments in the research and capital department for the development of the new and innovative products. There has been made several partnerships with various numerous academic institutions for supporting the pioneering research programs. Thus, this strategy helped CSL in developing new and innovative product (CSL, 2015). Growth Strategies Global expansion: CSL have already expanded in business in almost 30 nations. Expanding sales and products offerings in these overseas regions is one of the growth strategies of the company to increase its glob al reach, customer base and sales. Current strategies of CSL Following are the current strategies which the company is taking sued of for having increased market share and greater revenues with high markets sustainability. Strategic Partnership Tying partnership knots with large hospitals: It is the current strategy of the company to have further growth i.e. ton to have partnerships with large and big hospitals where the medicines of CSL can directly be served to the patients and thus expanding the use of CSL drugs in major hospitals. Growth Strategies Expansion: Being a successful past strategy, the expansion strategy is also one of the current growth strategies of the organisation. CSL is also planning to expand its business operations in many of the untapped and new regions in the overseas countries. Thus, it can have huge brand recognition and growth by having expansion in other countries (Greenblat, 2010). Ethical and Sustainable Approach By having past history of indulging several unethical practices, the company now have a strategic move to work on high ethical standards and sustainability approach so that there can be improved support from the Government as well as from the legal authorities so that theere can be maintained the smooth functioning of the companys business practices (Stetson, 2017). Business practices of CSL and their criticism Criticism 1: Criticism by FDA (Food and Drug Administration) of US about objectionable practices and conditions and high level of manufacturing flaws in vaccines manufacturing Business practice: the manufacturing operations of CSL were found to be unethical and inappropriate. The vaccines manufactured by the company were criticized because of the high level of manufacturing flaws in them. It was also revealed that the workers even do not wore masks at the time of manufacturing of these vaccines. There were also conducted deficient checks and investigations which revealed that there are issues and problems in some of the processes which the organisation is not concerning upon. The company was also criticised by FDA for the no adequate evaluation of the testing conducted for the raw material. The company take use of the raw material without any proper analysis (Hall, 2011). Its Outcome: the outcome of this unethical business practice and the criticism faced by the company was that there was conducted strict scrutiny of the manufacturing processes and the raw material of CSL. The FDA issued a warning letter against the organisation by raising severe concerns regarding the manufacturing processes. And also warns CSL that if these issues are not fixed then the authority will withdraw the license from the company of selling the products in the US markets. Criticism 2: Criticized for artificially hiking the prices of plasma-derivative protein therapies Business practice: there was an unethical business practice in which CSL deliberately involved. The scam was related to the price-fixing of the plasma-derivative protein therapies. There was involvement of CSL Plasma Inc., CSL Behring LLC and CSL Limited in the scandal. The company unethically and secretly fixed the prices of the blood plasma derivatives immunoglobin and albumin for raising the prices of some of the particular therapies (247LawsuitNews, 2017). Its Outcome: The outcome of this scandal and unethical business practice was that a Blood Plasma Antitrust Suit was filed against the CSL. The company paid $64 million to resolve the issue and to escape from the consequences of this scandal. The organisation also ruined it brand image as well as there was huge criticism from the customers, Government, law regulating bodies, industry as well as the stakeholders (Broady, 2017). SWOT Analysis of CSL Following is the SWOT analysis of CSL which provides in-depth analysis of the companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The analysis will help the organisation in understanding its weak points where it needs to work, its strengths of which it can use to grow, the relevant opportunities to help in planning business expansion and the relative threats for making appropriate plans for contingencies and future moves. Strengths The industry of biotechnology is booming with a rapid rate across the globe and CSL is one of the most renowned and recognized brand in this industry and specifically in Australia. The Research and Development department of the company is highly efficient and have enough capacity to have continuous innovations in the operations of the business. Possessing a vigorous RD capacity offers numerous competitive advantages to the company (CSL, 2017). The operations of CSL are extended in the niche segments of genetics, anti-venom, vaccines, etc. this offer extensive market reach to the company and provide strength of extended customer base. There are some of the products which are the core strengths of the company such as cell culture reagents, anti-venom, vaccines and blood plasma derivatives. These products have a strong market share which offers great revenues to the company and strengthen its market share (Researchandmarkets, 2017). Weaknesses The biggest weakness of the company is the diseconomies to scale which is due to the improper management of the large workforce which results in increasing outputs and increasing marginal costs. There are several ethical issues in which the company has indulged. Because of all those issues, the brand image of CSL has been deteriorated and this is one of the weaknesses for its future sustainability and brand reliability. Three is required huge capital investments for the development of every new innovation or technology as a huge amount of research is to be conduct for the creation of the new products (CSL, 2016). Opportunities There are opportunities available for the company related to have increased awareness regarding the usage of enzymes, stem cells, etc. The company has an opportunity to expand its operations in these areas. There can also be done integration of the technologies i.e. to have integration of biotechnology with the nanotechnology and the innovative technologies present in the market. The integration of these technologies will result in development of next generation and pioneering medicines and other medical products. The company also has an opportunity of tying up with numerous big and large hospitals and encourage the use of its products and stem cells (CSL, 2017). Expansion in various other untapped overseas nations and also domestic regions. Threats The biggest threat to CSL is of the government laws and regulations which are extremely strict and restrict all kind of unethical work and production of the drugs or medicines. There is an essential requirement of skilled and competent labour who can handle the biotechnology realigned aspects and operations. The insufficient amount of labour restricts the effective business functioning (CSL Limited, 2017). There are several other biotech organizations who have already initiated the off shoring some if their business operations. One major example of this is the starting up of operations in China of the absolute volume of the medical chemistry contract work. Organisational culture or leadership style of CSL CSL has a strong and vigorous organisational culture which supports the business function and the mission and vision statement of the company. The organisational culture of CSL comprises of the five core values which guides the working of the company. The first core value is customer focus, the company is highly committed to its customers i.e. the patients which requirement medications. The company make efforts to offer the most required medicines to the individuals and improve their lives. To improve the customer focus, the company also conducts education al programmes, support and sponsor the patient programs and also invest high in medical research. The second core value is innovation; CSL invests a lot in its research and development, this result in development of innovative medicines, vaccines and other innovative biotherapies. The next core value is integrity; the company remains committed to the legacy of helping and providing services to the patients who are primarily depends upon the products of CSL for their lives. The company try to maintain high ethical standards in its operations. Another value of CSL is collaboration; the organisation collaborates with the home healthcare organisations, pharmacists, nurses, physicians, investigators, plasma donors and patient groups. There is collaboration with all these individuals for achieving improved results. The fifth and the last core value of CSL is superior performance; the company is highly performance-driven as well as customer-focused (CSL Behring, 2017). The organisation works in such an environment which encourages innovation and strives hard to serve the best possible products to the individuals. Paul Perreault, the CEO of CSL is one of the leaders of the company who have supported the success and growth of the organisation in numerous ways. From motivating the employees to planning the strategies, in every aspect, Paul has sustained the development of CSL. Paul has its major contribution in the improvement of the organisational culture by linking the core values with all the operational functions. Paul works and follows the patient-centric leadership where the needs of the patients are the key priority of the organisation and the individuals working for the organisation (CSL Behring, 2016). Paul always tries to maintain an organisational culture which supports the fulfilment of the patients requirements with utmost quality and high standards products and services References 247LawsuitNews, 2017. Plasma-Derivative Protein Therapies Antitrust Litigation. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.247lawsuitnews.com/multi-district-litigation/mdl.asp?case=Plasma-Derivative+Protein+Therapies+Antitrust+Litigationid=127 Ashley Hall, 2011. CSL to address drug manufacturing concerns. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-09-29/csl-to-address-drug-manufacturing-concerns/3041910?pfmredir=sm CSL Behring, 2017. CSL CEO Paul Perreault Focuses on Patient-Centric Leadership in Pharma. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.cslbehring.com/newsroom/Paul-Perrreault-Keynote-at-eyeforpharma-2016-on-Patient-Centric-Leadership?tabSelections=1255923338766currentPage=2 CSL Behring, 2017. Vision Values. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.cslbehring.com/about/csl-behring-vision-values.htm CSL Behring, 2017. Vision Values. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.cslbehring.com/about/csl-behring-vision-values.htm CSL Limited, 2017. Company Description. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://gmsnet.kr/kor/grobal_research/1.CSL-Limited.pdf CSL, 2015. CSL Annual Report 2014-15. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/ASX_CSL_2015.pdf CSL, 2016. CSL Annual Report 2015-2016. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.csl.com.au/docs/527/647/CSL_AR16_Sec,0.pdf CSL, 2017. About CSL. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.csl.com.au/about CSL, 2017. Innovation. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.csl.com.au/corporate-responsibility/innovation.htm CSL, 2017. Investment in RD. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.csl.com.au/research-development/investments.htm CSL, 2017. Our Centenary - Celebrating 100 years. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.csl.com.au/centenary/CSL100.htm Gavin Broady, 2017. CSL To Pay $64M To Escape Blood Plasma Antitrust Suit. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.law360.com/articles/478472/csl-to-pay-64m-to-escape-blood-plasma-antitrust-suit Greenblat, E. 2010. CSL injects expansion plans into its strategy. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.smh.com.au/business/csl-injects-expansion-plans-into-its-strategy-20100217-oe1t.html Researchandmarkets, 2017. CSL Limited (CSL) - Financial and Strategic SWOT Analysis Review. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/1315558/csl_limited_csl_financial_and_strategic_swot.pdf Stetson, 2017. CSL 501 Evaluation and Assessment. Accessed on: 9th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.stetson.edu/artsci/counselor/media/Courses.pdf